Magnetically recyclable and remarkably efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic hexavalent chromium removal based on plasmonic biochar/bismuth/ferroferric oxide heterojunction.

The development of easily recyclable non-noble metal plasmonic photocatalysts with high performance is highly desired for the removal of Cr(VI). Herein, the in-situ growth of plasmonic-bismuth (Bi) combined with magnetic ferroferric (Fe3O4) nanoparticles on biochar (BC) was realized by a facile high temperature calcination. BC/Bi/Fe3O4 exhibits broad photoabsorption from 200 to 2000 nm. The weaker photoluminescence (PL) spectrum or stronger photocurrent density confirmed its higher separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers than that of BC or Bi/Fe3O4. Under visible light irradiation, BC/Bi/Fe3O4 exhibits excellent adsorption-photocatalytic performance for Cr(VI) (95%) in 180 min. With BC/Bi/Fe3O4 as a working electrode, the higher removal efficiency (97%) was achieved than that using BC/Bi (65%), BC/Fe3O4 (79%) or Bi/Fe3O4 (66%) after 160 min under visible light irradiation, rooting from wide spectral absorption and efficient separation of photogenerated carriers. BC/Bi/Fe3O4 can be easily recycled by magnetism with good stability. This work not only provides ideas for the preparation of surface plasma resonance (SPR) semiconductor photocatalyst for removing heavy metal, but also realizes the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste.

Diastereoselective Synthesis of P-Chirogenic and Atropisomeric 2,2'-Bisphosphino-1,1'-binaphthyls Enabled by Internal Phosphine Oxide Directing Groups.

Diphosphine ligands that merge both axial and P-centered chirality may exhibit superior or unique properties. Herein we report the diastereoselective introduction of P-centered chirality at the 2-position of the axially chiral 2'-(phosphine oxide)-1,1'-binaphthyl scaffold. A lithium-bromide exchange reaction of a 2-bromo-2'-(phosphine oxide)-1,1'-binaphthyl and treatment with dichlorophosphines followed by a nucleophilic organometallic reagent afforded unsymmetrical 2-phosphino-2'-(phosphine oxide)-1,1'-binaphthyls with binaphthyl axial chirality and one or two phosphorus stereocenters with a variety of P substituents. The final diastereomerically pure 2,2'-bisphosphino-1,1'-binaphthyls were obtained by reduction of the phosphine oxide directing group. Preliminary results demonstrated that a ligand with this hybrid chirality could induce higher stereoselectivity in the metal-complex-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of a dialkyl ketone.

Two new genera and species of the leafhopper tribe Idiocerini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and redescription of the type species of Paraidioscopus.

Two new genera of Idiocerini, Lambirocerus gen. nov. with type species Lambirocerus cycloformulus sp. nov. and Undophomorpha gen. nov. with type species Undophomorpha glauctata sp. nov., are described and illustrated from Malaysia. The type species of Paraidioscopus Maldonado-Capriles, P. tagalicus (Baker) is also redescribed and illustrated.

Two new species of Jogocerus Viraktamath (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae) from China.

Two new species, Jogocerus concavus sp. nov. and J. viraktamathi sp. nov. are described and illustrated. The genus Jogocerus is redescribed together with a checklist and key to species for the separation of males.

A new species of the endemic Chilean leafhopper genus Chileanoscopus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae).

A new species, C. serrulatus sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Chile. A redescription of this genus is provided together with a key to species for males.

Taxonomic revision of the Malaysian Idiocerinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), with description of new taxa.

The leafhopper subfamily Idiocerinae is revised for Malaysia. Thirteen genera and 17 species are recognized including 1 new genus, Serridiocerus n. gen., 2 new species, Serridiocerus membranaceus n. sp. and Burmascopus longidens n. sp., 3 newly recorded genera and 2 newly recorded species: Burmascopus n. rec., Chunra n. rec., Philipposcopus n. rec., Chunra australis n. rec., Philipposcopus maquilingensis n. rec.. A checklist and a key to species of Malaysian Idiocerinae are also provided.

Redescription of the Philippine leafhopper genus Iposcopus Baker (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae).

The Philippine leafhopper genus Iposcopus Baker is redescribed. The male and female genitalia of I. breviceps and I. distanti are described and illustrated for the first time.        Baker (1915) established the genus Iposcopus and included two new species, I. breviceps and I. distanti (the type species) from the Philippines. Previously, only the external morphology and color have been described, not the genitalia. Here we first give a more complete description of the species, including male and female genitalia.

Five new species in the idiocerine genus Busonia Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae) from Thailand and Malaysia, with one new record from China.

Six species in the genus Busonia Distant are described and illustrated, including five new species from Thailand and Malaysia: Busonia curvata, B. fusca, B. lactata, B. micrata, B. serrata, spp. nov., and one newly recorded species from China: Busonia albilateralis Maldonado-Capriles. A redescription of this genus is provided together with a key to species for separation of males.

A new species of Busoniomimus Maldonado-Capriles (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae) from Malaysia with a key to species of the genus.

A new species, Busoniomimus umbellatus sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Malaysia. In addition the female of B. hainanensis Zhang & Li is described from China. A key is provided to males of this genus.

Two new species in the endemic Chinese leafhopper genera Flexocerus and Idioceroides (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae).

Two new species of endemic Chinese leafhopper genera (Flexocerus Kuoh & Fang and Idioceroides Matsumura), F. sinuatus sp. nov. and I. petaliformis sp. nov. are described and illustrated. Keys to species for both genera are provided.

First record of genus Nabicerus Kwon (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species.

Nabicerus Kwon is reported from China for the first time based on two new species, N. dentimus and N. baculatus spp. nov., and a new Chinese record of N. fuscescens (Anufriev, 1971). Species of this genus are described and illustrated. A redescription of the genus is provided together with a checklist and key to species for the separation of males. 

Two new species of the leafhopper genus Anidiocerus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae) from China.

Two new species of Anidiocerus from China, A. brevispinus Xue & Zhang sp. nov. and A. longimus Xue & Zhang sp. nov. are described and illustrated, and A. variabilis Maldonado-Capriles, 1976 is placed as a senior synonym of A. flavidus Cai & Shen, 1998, syn. nov. A redescription of the genus is provided together with a checklist and key for the separation of males. 

[Anatomy and clinical application of bypass circuit outflow tract of arterial sclerosis obstruction].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibility of collateral outflow tract of arterial sclerosis obstruction (ASO) and the prospect of clinical application. METHODS: The red emulsion was infused into the arteries of the above knee amputation of 10 fresh specimens. Then the pathological changes of the anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery and the popliteal artery, and the contribution of these bole artery branch were observed. From September 2005 to April 2007, 5 patients with ASO were treated, unilateral lower limb was involved in all cases. There were 3 males and 2 females, aged 68-81 years. The arteriography and Color Doppler ultrasound of lower limbs showed that the femoral artery and the popliteal artery and the branches had no development. The exploratory operation on the popliteal artery and the branches was carried out. RESULTS: The walls of the anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery, and the popliteal artery were stiff and the lumens were filled with atheromatous plaque. The sural arteries opening to the bole artery was frequent. The collateral circulation at the knee perimeter was raritan rather affluent at the muscle group. All of the operations were successful, the skin temperature increased gradually after operation, and the degrees of blood oxygen saturation increased to 90%-100% at 6 hours from 0 before operation. After a follow-up of 3 to 12 months, the symptom improved obviously, rest pain disappeared, lower limb ulcer healed. The Color Doppler ultrasound showed that most of the blood flow at the anastomotic stoma ejected into bypass circuit, and the blood flow at the distally posterior tibial artery and anterior tibial artery was little. CONCLUSION: The collateral outflow tract construction is feasible, it is an effective path after clinical verification to solve the advanced stage ASO.